By supplying different phases in sequence, the rotor can be rotated by a specific amount to reach the desired final position. The basic working principle of the stepper motor is the following: By energizing one or more of the stator phases, a magnetic field is generated by the current flowing in the coil and the rotor aligns with this field. Figure 1 shows a drawing representing the section of the motor is shown, where the rotor is a variable-reluctance iron core.įigure 1: Cross-Section of a Stepper Motor We will dive deeper into the different rotor structures later. On the stator, there are teeth on which coils are wired, while the rotor is either a permanent magnet or a variable reluctance iron core. Stepper Motor Working PrinciplesĪs all with electric motors, stepper motors have a stationary part (the stator) and a moving part (the rotor). This feature also makes it fit for a wide range of applications. This feature is obtained thanks to the internal structure of the motor, and allows to know the exact angular position of the shaft by simply counting how may steps have been performed, with no need for a sensor. Stepper Motor BasicsĪ stepper motor is an electric motor whose main feature is that its shaft rotates by performing steps, that is, by moving by a fixed amount of degrees. You will learn about the working principles, construction, control methods, uses, and types of stepper motors, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will cover the basics of stepper motors.

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Waveform of stepper motor drive